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最近，美國佐治亞理工學(xué)院工程師開發(fā)出一種光學(xué)整流天線，能把光直接轉(zhuǎn)變成直流電。研究人員認(rèn)為，這一成果有望提供一種無需制冷的光檢測新技術(shù)，也能收集廢熱轉(zhuǎn)化成電力，并最終成為利用太陽能的一條新途徑。



該光學(xué)整流天線能在5℃到77℃的溫度下工作，是以碳納米管作為天線，捕獲陽光或其他光源。當(dāng)光波撞擊納米管，產(chǎn)生的振蕩電荷會通過整流 器，整流器以千兆赫茲的頻率開關(guān)，產(chǎn)生微小的直流電。雖然目前設(shè)備的效率只有1％，但數(shù)十億整流天線排成陣列，就能產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大電流。



整流天線開發(fā)于上世紀(jì)六七十年代，一般在10微米左右的波長范圍工作，而新的整流天線進(jìn)入到可見光范圍，要求天線和整流二極管足夠小，并能 極快地捕獲電磁振蕩。該校喬治·伍德拉夫機(jī)械工程學(xué)院副教授巴拉圖德·科拉解釋說：“整流天線本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)天線配上一個(gè)二極管，但到了可見光范圍，意味著 用納米天線配上一個(gè)金屬—絕緣—金屬二極管。天線與二極管之間離得越近，效率就越高。所以，理想的結(jié)構(gòu)是把天線用作二極管中的金屬——這就是我們造的結(jié) 構(gòu)�！�

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